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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344160876_The_Development_of_Mechanics_Problem-Based_Learning_Model_with_Multi_Representation_Approach_To_Practice_Students'_Critical_Thinking_Skill_of_Elasticity_And_Hooke's_Law_And_Static_Fluid_Concepts_In_Se
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2020|ISSN 2454-618 www.rsisinternational.org Page 426 The Development of Mechanics Problem-Based Learning Model with Multi Representation Approach to Practice Students‟ Critical Thinking Skill of Elasticity and Hooke‟s Law, And Static Fluid Concepts in Senior High School Dr. Rosyid Althaf Reseacher, Head of Section of Senior High School Development & Special Education at the Education Office of East Java Province, Jember Region, Indonesia Abstract: This research aims to develop instructional model problem-based mechanics with multi representation approach (the instructional model of Orientation IPA) to practice students’ critical thinking skill. The used method is research and development referring to Borg & Gall. This development research includes three stages, namely preliminary study stage, the development of model design and trials stage, and model evaluation stage. The focus of this research is in preliminary study and model design development stages resulting the instructional model of Orientation IPA. The expert validation is conducted by three experts and eight teachers of model users. The trial stage is conducted to students of 10th grade of Science Mathematics department of three classes. The sample determination uses Simple Random Sampling technique. The data analysis uses quantitative descriptive technique. The research results show that the instructional model of Orientation IPA meets the validation, practice and effectiveness requirements. Keywords: critical thinking skill, instructional model of Orientation IPA, multi representation . I. INTRODUCTION he educational goals emphasize on knowledge acquisition and must describe the result study until to the high level of thinking, even to the ability to solve problems. In line with this, Gagne (1985) has opinion that the study condition has to be directed to problem solving which is the highest capability in thinking skill. The learning must be directed not only to get understanding achievement but also to improve the critical thinking skill. The development of critical thinking is considered as one of the most important goals from educational knowledge for more than one century (Forawi, 2012). The definitions of critical thinking very vary from the simple one to the complex one. Ennis (1991) defines the critical thinking as reflective and reasonable thinking focusing on deciding what have to do. Halpern (1996), the critical thinking is defined as cognitive ability utilization or strategy improving the desired possible result. Other definitions include; the formulation of logical summary (Simon & Kaplan, 1989), to develop careful and logical reasoning (Stall & Stall, 1991), to decide what must be conducted or what must be trusted by natural reflective thinking (Ennis, 1991) and the goal determines what to be accepted, rejected or postpone the assessment (Moore & Parker, 1994). Related to the improvement of process and its result quality, there are important problems facing by education world today, they are how to attempt to build the understanding (Brooks dan Brooks, 1993) and to empower students‟ critical thinking skill by learning (Krulik & Rudnick, 1996; Marzano, 1993). These are required to be done because it is assumed that many students do not have high level of critical thinking (Berger et al., 1987). The reality is that the mean score achievement of Science students in Indonesia is still low, they are only able to recognize an amount of basic facts but they are not yet able to communicate and relate various science topics, event to apply the complex and abstract concepts (TIMSS, 2011). The preliminary study result to find out students‟ critical thinking skill in Senior High School in Jember Regency is ranging (13,28 % - 45,50 %). This result shows that students‟ critical thinking skill is still low (Rosyid et al., 2013). This low students‟ critical thinking skill must be improved. The low students‟ critical thinking and study achievement are suspected that there is relationship with the on going learning process. Thus, it is required an alternative solution to improve this. One of which is by using instructional model of problem-based mechanics with multi representation approach. The problem-based learning has been used effectively to improve study retention causing the increase Physics understanding (Maloney, 1994; Hobden, 1999; Gaigher, 2004) and to affect the students‟ conceptual development positively (Kumar et al., 2010), also it is advised as the promising strategy to improve students‟ critical thinking skill and problem solving skill (Tiwari, 1999; Chan, 2013). Based on the above explanation, to improve students‟ critical thinking skill, it is required a development of “Instructional Model of Problem-Based Learning through
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